Alzheimer Agitation - Prevention Research Paper

Alzheimer Agitation - Prevention - Research Paper Example Method of Search: The paper has been written after extensive research on literature available on Alzheimer disease and the agitation associated with it. As no treatment is available to fully cure the disease, therefore, following preventive measures is the only effective way to prevent the onset and reduce the severity of agitation. Some of the common up to date preventive measures followed in nursing homes are listed in this paper and have been taken from different books written on Alzheimer disease. Introduction and Significance: The Dementing disease was first discovered by a German neuropathologist, Alois Alzheimer and the disease is named after him. Among individuals of age 65 and older, the most common type of Dementia is Alzheimer’s disease which is known in medical literature as Alzheimer disease. As the age progresses, half of the elderly individuals experience a loss of memory, judgment, and language to an extent that it starts to mediate a huge impact on their daily lives. In the United States, AD is a major health problem because of its huge impact on various departments of the health care system, the lives of the patients and their families. In accordance with the recent statistical data, there are a staggering number of AD cases in the United Sates alone amounting to 4 million individuals. The percentage of individuals with AD doubles for every five year age group beyond the age of 65. Moreover, the highest risk of AD is amongst the individuals over the age of 85. In industrialized countries, the improvement and widespread provision of health care facilities have increased life expectancy which has inevitably led to an increase in the number of cases being reported over the past few years. (National Institutes of Health 2002). Scientists estimate that if curative measures are not discovered then the number of cases in US in 2050 would be around 14 million. Over the years the cost of care of patients with AD has steadily shown an increase. I n United States of America, the annual national cost of caring for individuals with AD amounts to approximately around $1 billion. (National Institutes of Health 2002). Alzheimer disease is a progressive brain disease which is irreversible and gradually reduces the thinking skills and memory to such an extent that the person becomes incapable of carrying out normal daily activities. However, the causes and the subsequent progression of the disease has not yet been fully exposed which has significantly slowed the progress in devising ways to prevent the disease. The treatments that are currently available only aim at reducing the severity of the disease symptoms. (National Institutes of Health 2002). Alzheimer agitation refers to the behavioral patterns exhibited by a typical Alzheimer patient. The typical behavioral patterns include screaming, complaining, wandering, cursing, fidgeting, pacing, moaning and shouting. Progression of the disease is characterized by memory loss and degr adation of thinking skills in addition to an increase in the severity of Alzheimer agitation. It is worth mentioning that every abnormal behavior is not classified as agitation. If the abnormal behavior poses a risk to the individual with AD or the people around him then it is considered to be agitation. Agitation associated with AD can be due to a single medical problem or a cumulative effect of a variety of different contributing factors such as

Business Intelligence Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Business Intelligence - Research Paper Example In recent times, organizations around the world are adopting different forms of BI as vehicles for attaining the competitive advantage over their market niche. This is particularly so in restaurant chains, health facilities, and resorts such as Exclusive Resorts and Marshfield Clinic. Such businesses use the BI systems in making tactical decisions concerning their businesses, such as the introduction of new product and services, removal of underperforming services and products, and identification of opportunities to improve inefficient processes. One of the most important components of BI is business analytics, an essential factor that determines the success capability of a business (Electrosmart, 2012). The analysis of the case study of Marshfield Clinic and Exclusive Resort provides four important lessons for companies wishing to adopt BI systems into their organizations: have a clear vision, good communication skills of employees, cooperative employees, and dedicated resources (TD WI, 2011). Considering the cases of Exclusive Resorts and Marshfield Clinic, evidently, a company needs to have a clear vision of its perceived needs for the BI process. ... Despite the difference in the platform application, Exclusive Resort had a similar problem with multiple, disconnected, and inflexible technology that increased the cost of operation and difficulty in operation resulting from the expansion of the company’s business. According to the case study, Exclusive Resort actually had to purchase additional software to produce reports needed by the stakeholders and decision makers. The company embarked on the search for an Enterprise Resource Planning system that would integrate the existing technology and promote the competitiveness and quality of member services while encouraging the growth members (Microsoft, 2011). The two companies had a clear understanding of the functionality and provision of the BI systems, as well as a clear expression from the different business departments on the types of the decision expected from BI system. Another emergent issue from the two case studies was the importance of communication skills among the employees of the two companies. At Marshfield Clinic, the associate chief medical information officer Mike Cummins was quick to identify that the problem was not a patient-care data system, but an analytical tool that would enhance effective and efficient real-time decision-making by physicians. Having such an employee with good communication skills enabled the company to identify the real problem with its data collection system. The senior vice president of technology at Exclusive Resorts was also able to communicate the problem they had with their previous system, enabling the experts from Microsoft to design a solution that suits their needs.  Ã‚  

The Race Relations Act 1976

The Race Relations Act 1976 Introduction A major factor affecting the delivery of the curriculum in Further Education is rooted in the inequalities resultant from perceived racial and ethnic differences. These are very often based on preconceived notions, usually ill informed, about the beliefs and practices of different racial and ethnic groups. Over the past few years there has been a small but sustained increase, year on year in the racial mix of potential learners applying to start engineering courses. My practice involves the delivery of the engineering curriculum to learners at levels one to three; the make-up of all these groups reflects the general trend in the increase in racial mix. Therefore, the primary reason for investigating this topic was to discover the real impact of the increasing diversity and how the legislation is being used to underpin the values described in the Race Relations Act 1976, how they affect College operation (in respect of Oaklands College) and how teaching practice is affected. In this report, the intention is to set out the background to the Act and investigate its effect on the further education sector with particular reference to Oaklands College and then to discuss the implications for the teacher in the classroom or workshop. The Policy The Race Relations Act 1976 (RRA) and the Race Equality document that supports this and how Oaklands College is implementing it. Values behind the Policy The Race Relations Act came into being in 1976, when it was recognised that the existing legislation was weak and had little beneficial effect on the lives of racial minority groups. The underpinning values of the new regulations were, the elimination of racial discrimination, the promotion of equality of opportunity and the promotion of harmonious relations between peoples of different ethnic and racial groups. These are the values, which the majority of British people purportedly avow allegiance; however, they are very much tested by the strength of popular perception which is, as always far more powerful than the truth. A situation not aided by the popular press who take every opportunity to terrify the population by visions of the impending end of the British way of life, overwhelmed by a tsunami of immigrants from all parts of the world. Thus the need to overtly promote the values is even more heavily underscored and even more necessary. To understand how legislation affects operations in Further Education, it is essential to understand some definitions of aspects of discrimination as described in the Act. The 1976Act divides discrimination into four broad areas; direct discrimination, indirect discrimination, harassment and victimisation. Below are some examples and definitions, which illustrate the meaning of each of these categories. An example of direct discrimination would be to set tighter assignment deadlines to black learners only. A good example of indirect discrimination is the enforcement of a no headgear rule; this could be seen to exclude Sikhs, who wear turbans, Jewish men wearing yarmulke or Muslim women wearing the hijaab. In practice, if a class contains one or more learners in these groupings plus learners from a majority group who insist on wearing baseball caps, the law would apply if only the baseball cap wearers were asked to doff their headgear. Harassment on racial grounds is treated the same as direct discrimination because there is a detrimental effect on the victims dignity or it creates an intimidating or hostile environment. Victimisation concerns people whom have made or intend to make a complaint in respect of racial discrimination and includes any person supporting the complaint. The Act forbids any unfavourable treatment of people in either of these circumstances. The Commission for racial Equality (CRE, which in 2007was incorporated into The Equality and Human Rights Commission.) issued a Code Of practice (COP), which placed specific duties on schools, colleges and universities. These duties primarily required colleges to publish a policy statement, which actively promoted racial equality. Guidance from the CRE included a number of points, which the college policy was bound to address: Arrangements to assess the impact of the policy on staff as well as learners. Ongoing monitoring of the effects of the policy in terms of admissions. The progress and success rates from differing ethnic and racial groups. Arrangements to publish the findings of the ongoing monitoring on an annual basis. Implications for Institution and professional practice 1. The Institution In 2004 Oaklands College issued an Equality and Diversity Policy (EDP) in which it corporately â€Å"Welcomes diversity, recognises values, celebrates and respects the many different contributions and needs of our learners, staff and the communities we serve† (i) As required by the Act, the policy sets out a strategy, operational outcomes and responsibilities for implementation and lists supporting policies and procedures. The Race Relations Policy (RRP) is named as one of these supporting policies. Included is a means of ongoing review, which is the work of the Equal Opportunities Committee of the Academic Board. The committee reports to the board on a termly basis and produces a report of its machinations annually. (ii) Data included in the report is produced retrospectively and is usually only available until after a whole year is passed. The broad thrust of the Race Relations Policy is to promote inter-racial awareness, mutual respect and the valuing of the diverse ethnicity of all staff and learners. The policy includes a requirement for all staff to be trained and be made aware of the methods of implementation of the Policy. It was anticipated that initially such training would be provided at induction and thereafter be refreshed at regular intervals. This is, however, not mandatory after the induction training and though training sessions are provided, these are not compulsory and attendance is very much at the whim of the individual. In terms of promotion of the values, much college material is created to take into account the differences in its audience. This is also true in the way that the college advertises to the general public, in a way that hopefully attracts a widely diverse learner body by projecting the image of a multi-cultural establishment in tune with modern, diverse communities. The main page of the College has easily accessible links to an overview of learner support available, including ESOL and the International page also has links leading to information essential to the potential overseas learner as well a guide to the local area. All in English. 2. Professional practice The effects of racial legislation in the classroom or workshop are best examined by illustration using two real scenarios. Firstly, a level one group, fifteen strong, is undertaking a largely practical course in engineering fundamentals. Three learners in this group are of the Muslim faith. Their backgrounds are racially diverse, one black of Ugandan origin, one is Bangladeshi and the third is a Lebanese from Beirut. All three have vastly different characters due partly to the natural diversity of human beings, their common Muslim faith and their national origins. Secondly, a level three group, also fifteen strong is engaged on a level three national Diploma course has a very broad racial and ethnic diversity. The group includes the following. An Israeli, an Afghan refugee, a Ukrainian, a Romanian, four Afro Caribbeans and the remainder white-British. Immediately we see racial differences that have the potential for giving rise to tensions or even conflict. In dealing with the three Muslims in the level one group, their needs are very much governed by their racial and faith backgrounds. The society values of each individual within the group will be quite different. Think of the Ugandan, the Bangladeshi and the Lebanese, all Muslim yet all quite different with different individual needs. Yet the Race Relations Act of 1976 demands that each group or individual within a majority group must be given equality of opportunity. Here also there is a case for differentiation extending beyond that required in terms of learning styles alone. The big danger here is the perception of the majority grouping that another individual or minority group is receiving preferential treatment and is thereby gaining an unfair advantage. (Outside the education world a similar principle is bringing about the rise of the BNP in some working class communities) The majority group could realistically argue that the differentiation applied to the minority group, could be contrary to the principles of the RRA, paradoxically just what the strategy set out to avoid. The level three group is potentially more volatile in terms of possible conflict, although to date no problems of this nature have been encountered. More to the point are the strategies that can be employed to promote good relations and equal opportunities, since these two values do not always sit happily together. With such a diverse group, it could be envisaged that language would be the primary barrier to equality of opportunity. The quietness of the Romanian learner at first gave rise to some doubt, but rapidly dispelled on the production of assessable work. The Ukrainian, although born in that country has spent the majority of his life in this country, the Israeli likewise. The only issue in this regard concerns the Afghani refugee. This learner has fairly fluent spoken English and reasonable command of the written. However, this learner does have some difficulty with certain specialist, technical terminology. Support in this regard is provided upon request and ESOL type support is being provided via the International Office. In general, the College calendar is constructed with the major Christian festival in mind as well as conforming to the traditions of the British academic year. With the annual rise in ethnic diversity, it is now important to recognise the festivals and observances of other religions. A Muslim learner, for instance who is not available for college on a Friday, could be provided with personal support, guidance and of course will have access to any learning materials placed on the VLE. Another possibility is that the date of an assessment could be adjusted in order that Muslim learners are not assessed during Ramadan. An ideal time to promote racial and ethnic harmony is the tutorial session, which the majority of learners have allocated. Unfortunately support materials for the specific purposes of supporting racial equality sessions are limited to two activities only. Conclusion. Oaklands College is bound by law to implement the requirements of the RRA1976. However, the advantages are manifold in real terms. If equality of opportunity is achieved, then it naturally follows that success rates will improve and with it the reputation of the college as an excellent place to learn. None of this can happen without compliance. A foundation block of this is the classroom or workshop, where finely tuned strategies are essential for the promotion of racial harmony. Teaching staff, who are the main point of contact for the student, must therefore be cognisant of the requirements of the Act, which places a very pertinent emphasis on ongoing training. For prospective students especially those from minority ethnic groups, it is essential that their first impression of the College is of a place where they will receive absolute equality of opportunity. Experience has shown that that race relations and observance of the requirements of the RRA1976 is no longer only a question of colour, the recent influx from eastern Europe brings with it further challenges, in respect of language, customs and religious observances. Though many come skilled into the British workplace, retraining to British standards (here we think of electricians) will mean that there will be an increasing number of students for whom language could present a barrier to their opportunity. It can be seen that while Oaklands College implements the letter of the Act in many ways, there remain several areas where the spirit of the legislation is forgotten, or at least relegated to insignificance. In view of investigations, it is recommended that the following points be addressed The college pays more real attention to the requirements of the act in that it makes the RRP more accessible. Currently the RRP is only listed in the EDP and only accessible via the quality folder on the Curriculum drive. Staff training should become more regular and mandatory, that is, positively timetabled for every member of staff. Changing the college calendar in recognition of festivals and observances of religions other than Christian. (Days off for the Sabbaths of all Abrahamic religions?) Making available more, relevant support materials to promote racial equality of opportunity for use in tutorial sessions. References: Oaklands College Equality and diversity policy, Oaklands College, issued 2006 http://intranet.oaklands.ac.uk/docs/CorpPil-EAD%20-%20Equality%20%20Diversity%20Policy.doc 24/10/2007 at 0915 Annual report on Equality and Diversity Oaklands College Curriculum drive, Quality, All Staff only Bibliography 1. The Race Relations Act 1976 http://www.statutelaw.gov.uk/legResults.aspx?LegType=All+Legislationtitle=Race+Relations+ActYear=1976searchEnacted=0extentMatchOnly=0confersPower=0blanketAmendment=0TYPE=QSNavFrom=0activeTextDocId=2059995PageNumber=1SortAlpha=0 Accessed 17/11/2007 at 1500 2. The duty to promote race equality A GUIDE FOR FURTHER AND HIGHER EDUCATION INSTITUTIONS (Non-statutory) http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/Documents/Race/Education/The%20duty%20to%20promote%20race%20equality%20a%20guide%20for%20further%20and%20higher%20education%20institutions.rtf Accessed 25/11/2007 at 0730 3. Statutory CODE OF PRACTICE ON THE DUTY TO PROMOTE RACE EQUALITY http://www.equalityhumanrights.com/Documents/Race/Public%20sector/Race%20equality%20duty/Specific%20duties/Code%20of%20Practice%20on%20the%20Race%20Equality%20Duty.rtf Accessed 18/11/2007 at 2315 4. Race Relations Act 1976 and the Race Relations Amendment Act 2000 http://ljmu.ac.uk/EOU/EOUDocs/summary_Race_Relations_Act_1976_and_the_Race_Relations_Amendment_Act_2000.doc Accessed 18/11/2007 at 2130

John Bunyan’s Pilgrimes Progress Essay -- Literary Analysis of Pilgri

Many people wonder what it would be like to go from a dangerous city where they live and journey to a plentiful heaven. This storyline is portrayed in John Bunyan’s allegorical book, Pilgrim’s Progress. This fascinating story describes the life of Christian, a married man living in the City of Destruction, who longs to travel to the Celestial City. As Christian struggles to stay on the right, though more difficult path, I fight to focus in school and not pay attention to distracting ideas. I also fight to get strong enough in dance to become a professional dancer, just as Christian has to climb the Hill of Difficulty to get to the Palace Beautiful. In order for Christian to arrive at the Celestial City without wasting away his life, he must be patient. In the same way, I must be patient to reach my life goal. Just as Christian struggled to get through his obstacles in his life, I must get stronger to dance, focus in school, and be patient in order to reach my l ife goal of becoming a faithful and patient person of God. Christian encounters many people who try and lead him down a different path including Worldly Wiseman. Worldly Wiseman encourages Christian to take the get rid of his burden, and take the short, easy route to his destiny, instead of the long, hard route Christian is currently taking. Christian finds that even though the short route is described as ‘better’ by Wiseman, Christian knows that he needs to stay on his own route because he finds relief: â€Å"I don’t care what I meet in the way as long as I can also find deliverance from my burden† (Bunyan 16). Worldly Wiseman focuses his life on getting rid of all burdens, and focusing on worldly comforts. Christian, on the other hand, keeps his burden, and pushes th... ...e, I struggled to get stronger to go on pointe, but in the end, my reward was actually being able to dance on the ends of my toes without getting injured. Also, I had to focus hard in school while missing the fun with friends, but my grades stayed high and it made school easier. At the time, I was not feeling very wise like Mr. Worldly Wiseman, but I soon learning that it also taught me to be patient. In all of my experiences in my own life, I learned to be more patient with myself and realized how much easier it will be to reach my life goal with new experiences. Even though I have not yet met my life goal, I still learn through my experiences just as Christian learned from his experiences going to the Celestial City. Works Cited Bunyan, John, and L. Edward. Hazelbaker. The Pilgrim's Progress in Modern English. Alachua, Florida: Bridge-Logos, 1998. Print.

Jack Fruit Seed Spread

Historical BackgroundA spread is a food that is spread with a knife onto bread, crackers, or other bread products. Spreads are added to bread products to provide flavor and texture, and are an integral part of the dish; they should be distinguished from condiments, which are optional additions. Spreads should also be distinguished from dips, which do not employ a knife in applying it to crackers or chips. (en. wikipedia. org) Butter is a dairy product made by churning fresh or fermented cream or milk.It is generally used as a spread and a condiment, as well as in cooking applications, such as baking, sauce making, and pan frying. Butter consists of butterfat, water and milk proteins. Most frequently made from cows' milk, butter can also be manufactured from the milk of other mammals, including sheep, goats, buffalo, and yaks. Salt, flavorings and preservatives are sometimes added to butter. Rendering butter produces clarified butter or ghee, which is almost entirely butterfat. (en. w ikipedia. org) The proponents’ focuses on making Jackfruit seed butter that will be profitable and demandable by the consumers in the mere future.This study will prove and give new ideas to the industry that we can use different ingredients or raw materials in producing new products. The jackfruit has played a significant role in Indian agriculture for centuries. Archeological findings in India have revealed that jackfruit was cultivated in India 3000 to 6000 years ago. Findings also indicate that Indian Emperor Ashoka the Great (274–237  BC) encouraged arbori-horticulture of various fruits including jackfruit. Varahamihira, the Indian astronomer, mathematician, and astrologer, wrote a chapter on the treatment of trees in his Brhat Samhita.His treatise includes a specific reference on grafting to be performed on trees such as jackfruit. Jack fruit trees are seen in almost all areas of Kerala except sandy areas. Maturing in 35-40 years, their wood can be used for furn iture. The gum from this tree and jack fruit is used as a stopper for small holes of pots. No one knows the jackfruit's place of origin but it is believed indigenous to the rainforests of the Western Ghats. It is cultivated at low elevations throughout India, Burma, Ceylon, southern China, Malaya, and the East Indies. It is common in the Philippines, both cultivated and naturalized.It is grown to a limited extent in Queensland and Mauritius. In Africa, it is often planted in Kenya, Uganda and former Zanzibar. Though planted in Hawaii prior to 1888, it is still rare there and in other Pacific islands, as it is in most of tropical America and the West Indies. It was introduced into northern Brazil in the mid-19th Century and is more popular there and in Surinam than elsewhere in the New World. In Asia, jackfruits ripen principally from March to June, April to September, or June to August, depending on the climatic region, with some off-season crops from September to December, or a few fruits at other times of the year.In the West Indies, I have seen many ripening in June; in Florida, the season is late summer and fall. The seeds, which appeal to all tastes, may be boiled or roasted and eaten, or boiled and preserved in syrup like chestnuts. They have also been successfully canned in brine, in curry, and, like baked beans, in tomato sauce. They are often included in curried dishes. Roasted, dried seeds are ground to make flour which is blended with wheat flour for baking. (http://www. hort. purdue. du) The researchers thought that instead of throwing the seeds and making it a waste, they decide to make this spread using the seeds of a jack fruit as a main ingredient to produce this product. Aside from that these seeds contain and give the essential nutrients that our body needs. In preparing this product different utensils and materials are needed. Make sure your utensils are washed properly. It is best to use hot soapy water to clean the food processor, and the pan where peanuts are in contact with. Do the same with the mixing cups and, storage containers.The demand of sandwich spread in the market is gradually increasing because of the continuous increase in population, that’s why this product will certainly fulfill the demand of the consumers. Even there are a lot of competitors in the sector the proponents believe that the consumers will buy these goods because it is nutritious and affordable. The proponents believe that producing this product will benefit many people and will help the food industry. One of its major beneficiaries is the consumers, the government, competitors, and other investors that are more focused in the food industry.Statement of the Problems . Marketing Aspect1. 1 What are the promotional strategies should be implemented to attract customers?1. 2 Is there a demand for the product?2. Management Aspect2. 1 What is the organizational form of the business?2. 2 How many employees needed in putting up this busine ss?3. Technical Aspect3. 1 Where is the appropriate location in putting up the business?3. 2 Who are the possible suppliers of the materials needed for the business?4. Financial Aspect4. 1 How much would be the total capital needed to establish the business?4. 2 How long will the business recover its investment?5. Socio Economic Aspect5.1 What are the possible contributions of the business in the national and local economy?5.2 What are the changes that may occur in the economy?Objective of the Study1. Marketing Aspect1. 1 To determine the promotional strategies to be used to attract customers.1. 2 To evaluate the status of supply and demand.2. Management Aspect2. 1 To be able to know the form of business or type of ownership to be applied in this study.2. 2 To identify how many employees to be needed.3. Technical Aspect3. 1 To determine the ideal location of the business.3. 2 To identify the suppliers of the business.4. Financial Aspect4. 1 To know how much will be the starting capi tal.4. 2 To know how long the investment to be recover.5. Socio Economic Aspect5. 1 To determine the contribution of these study in national and local economy.5. 2 To know the changes in the economy.Significance of the StudyThe project will give a great benefit to the followingTo the customer, by providing a new product, that gives a variety of choices.To other competitors, it gives them new thoughts and ideas in the food industry.To the local government, a new provider of income through paying taxes.To the students, it gives them idea in making their own products in their study. Scope and Limitation This study focuses mainly to produce jack fruit seed butter and would not be extent to concern about the other spread products. This study only includes market, technical, management, financial, and other socio-economic aspects of the project. The study will only focus on using jack fruit seed because the proponents have decided to make jack fruit seed butter as its initial product. The study covers a relevant range of exploration about the viability of the product.To gather the needed information, the target respondents, who are the selected customers, and the distributors of the jack fruit seed butter, were asked through survey questioners. Due prudence in making assumption and decision are observed so that the study will represent the real capacity of the prospected business. With all these merits, still this study will be affected by unforeseen and uncontrollable circumstances and changes occurring in the near future. Government taxes, inflation, peso devaluation, and the condition of the country’s economy will likely change the result of the study.Though it is geared with efficiencies, its effectiveness depends also in those that are expected to arise in the environment. Theoretical definition of Terms Jackfruit. is a species of tree in the mulberry family (Moraceae), which is native to parts of Southern and Southeast Asia. (www. wikipedia. org) A trop ical tree with large oval fruit, the yellow flesh and seeds of which is edible. (Dictionary) Jackfruit Seeds. which appeal to all tastes, may be boiled or roasted and eaten, or boiled and preserved in syrup like chestnuts. (www. hort. purdue. edu) Spread. is a food that is spread with a knife onto bread, crackers, or other bread products. www. wikipedia. org) Grinding mill. is a unit operation designed to break a solid material into smaller pieces. (www. wikipedia. org) Is a tool used to crush solid material unto powder or small pieces. (Dictionary) Mixer. is a kitchen appliance intended for mixing, folding, beating, and whipping food ingredients. (www. wikipedia. org) Machine or device used for mixing. (Dictionary) Plastic bottle. is a bottle constructed of plastic, with a neck that is narrower than its body and an opening at the top. (www. wikipedia. org) Plastic hollow necked container use for holding liquids. (Dictionary) Cooking oil. s purified fat of plant origin, which is usu ally liquid at room temperature. (www. wikipedia. org) Use in cooking.It is usually thick liquid that will not mix with water. (Dictionary) Operation definition of terms Jackfruit. this is where the researchers get their main ingredients. Jackfruit Seeds. this is the main ingredients of the product. Spread. this is the product of the researchers Grinding mill. this is used by the researchers to grind the raw ingredients Mixer. this is where the researchers mixed the ingredients. Plastic bottle. this is where the researchers put the product. Cooking oil. his is used by the proponents on roasting the product.Chapter II MARKETING ASPECTMarket StudyThis chapter of the study tackles and discusses the different aspects that must be considered in entering and taking up business. The computation and analysis of demand, supply, demand gap, supply gap, and projected sales that will help to determine the viability of the study. Implementing effective marketing strategies and programs are also included in this chapter to penetrate the target consumers that are patronizing the product. The research method of gathering data and information is also discussed in this chapter.ObjectivesThe purpose of this study is to identify the market feasibility of the said business. This section has the following objectives:1. To determine the demand for the product.2. To identify the price of the product to be sold.3. To determine the promotional strategies and programs to attract consumer.4. To identify the market gap.Research Methodology Survey questionnaires for gathering information are distributed to respondents located in Tanauan City, Batangas majorly in Barangay Sambat and Poblacion areas where the factory is nearly located. Taste test was also used by the researchers to gain some information and feedbacks.Subject of the Study The proponents conducted this study to provide additional selection and taste to the increasing needs of spread in the market. JFS Spread is made available in the potential market of Tanauan City, Batangas to have a new flavor in the spread industry that will surely benefit the consumers. Data Gathering Instrument The descriptive method of research is being employed in this study. It is also used in order to answer questions concerning the current status of the subject of the study and the collection of data to formulate and test hypothesis.Descriptive method is the most appropriate method to meet the purpose of the researchers. The use of questionnaires as a research instrument for gathering information from the respondents and interview guide are used for competitors’ information and data. Data Gathering Procedures The set of questionnaire was distributed by the researcher to gather some information that will help the researchers to have a guide for the product. 15 questions are given to the respondents of the study. The percentage of question no. 1 answers the question on how many consumers are taking sandwich spread.The foll owing questions are to determine on what kind of product that is most likely by the consumer. The projection of the demand and supply are based on question no. 3 and 15. Through taste test, the researchers gain some feedback and commented regarding the product and its appeals to them. Statistical Treatment of Data Statistical Data In order to compute for the sample size and have a reliable results in gathering data, Solvin’s Formula was used. n=N / (1 + Ne? ) 23469 n= 1 + 23469 (. 05) ? n=393. 30 Table 1 Population of the Study Year |Population | |2011 |24098 | |2012 |24744 | |2013 |25407 | |2014 |26088 | |2015 |26787 | The proponents will provide the demand for the product in Tanauan City, Batangas majorly in Barangay Sambat and Poblasyon areas that have a growth rate of 2. 68% annually. Demand Demand refers to a consumers’ desire of a product or service with the consumers’ availability to purchase.Quantity demand is the total amount of such effectual desire in a given market with reference to a given commodity at a certain price. Historical Demand Historical Demand is the number of people that consumes spread during the past years. This is based to the researchers gathered information using the question â€Å"Do you take sandwich spread? † which was 90. 84% positively answered by the respondents. Table 2 Historical Demand (nearest to 220g bottles) |Year |Historical Demand | |2005 |18876 |2006 |19395 | |2007 |19930 | |2008 |20478 | |2009 |20799 | Major Consumers of the Product JFS Spread will provide thedemand for the product in Tanauan City, Batangas majorly in Barangay Sambat and Poblacion areas. These areas became the major consumers of the researchers due to its location which is near the factory.Knowing the culture of the people in the said location and having a low product cost, purchasing power of consumers would not be a factor in availing the product. Products will be distributed through retail during the first few years o f its operation. Projected Demand Table 3 Projected Demand (nearest to 220g bottles) Year |Total Projected Demand |of Projected Demand | |2011 |1598736 | | |2012 |1641588 | | |2013 |1685580 | | |2014 |1730748 | | |2015 |1777128 | | Table 4 Relationship of Historical Demand and Supply Year |Population of the Study |Historical Demand |Historical Supply | |2005 |24098 |18876 |6336 | |2006 |24744 |19395 |9792 | |2007 |25407 |19930 |10368 | |2008 |26088 |20478 |13824 | |2009 |26787 |20799 |14688 | Table 5 Relationship of Projected Demand and Projected Supply Year |Population of the Study | | | | |2011 |24098 | | | | |2012 |24744 | | | | |2013 |25407 | | | | |2014 |26088 | | | | |2015 |26787 | | | | Supply Supply refers to the total number of good or services that are available in the market place. Historical Supply Historical Supply is the total quantity of products that are sold during the past few years. The researchers gather this data through interviewing and asking the different sup per markets, bakeshops, and other leading suppliers located in Tanauan City, Batangas. Table 6 Historical Supply (nearest 220ml bottles) Year |Supply | |2005 |6336 | |2006 |9792 | |2007 |10368 | |2008 |13824 | |2009 |14688 | Competitors JFS Spread is categorized under spread products and there might be a lot of indirect competitors like Mayonnaise, Cheezwiz, and Leaver Spread, JFS Spread is have its confidence to compete having its own benefits and uniqueness.One of its major competitors is the Peanut Butter which is highly demandable by the consumers. Projected Supply Table 7 Projected Supply (nearest 220g bottles) |Year | | | |2011 | | | |2012 | | |2013 | | | |2014 | | | |2015 | | | Projected Supply and Demand Analysis Market Share Table 8 Projected Market Share | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | Marketing Analysis Gross market acceptability rate Gross market acceptability share is the number or percentage of c onsumers that will accept our market product. Total Market Acceptability Gross market acceptability rate= Total sample size 279 =x 100 393 = 71% To compute for the net market acceptability: = GMAR – Conservatism = 71% – 20% = 51% Marketing MixThe marketing mix also known as the 4 P's of Marketing, is the combination of product, price, place, and promotion. Product JFS Spread is categorized as healthy spreads that will provide new taste in the spread industry. Product brand name is derived from the name of main ingredient which is Jackfruit Seed. It is rich in protein, vitamin C and A which are good for our health and for eye sight. The need for the product is to satisfy the basic need of the consumer. The consumers are becoming conscious with what are the benefits that they can get from the product. It is expected to change the conventional spread. The product weight is 220g per bottle. The product addresses to the need of alternative for peanut butter that have many b eneficial.The Jackfruit seeds help lower blood pressure because of its high potassium content. This will give a great competitive opportunity to the sandwich spreads industry. [pic] Figure 1 JFS Spread Label Place The researchers choose to establish the business at Barangay Sambat Tanauan City, Batangas. It is located along the highway going to Calabarzon and the supplier of raw materials are said to be near the said location. Shellane, Shell, and Vispo plastic store which serve as the primary supplier of 220g bottle located in Tanauan City Public Market. There is also an easy access to the road and Calabarzon going to Lipa where the supplier of Jackfruit seed is located. PromotionJFS spread, having a unique characteristics and unique ingredients; it triggers the consumers to easily recognize the product these advantages was noted and perform different marketing strategies to highly compete with other competitors.1. Product Demonstration Product demonstration will be done in public markets, super markets, and selected bakeshops where the products will be distributed and available.2. Sampling and Taste Test The researchers implemented this strategy at the beginning of the operation to be introduced to the consumers. It may also help the product to be known.3. Posters, Banners and Leaflets Poster and banners will be posted around the target areas. This strategy is done to inform those consumers who doesn’t go to supper markets.4. Word of Mouth Word of mouth is said to be a way of passing information from one person to another that will be a big help in promoting a product. Having a product with good reputation will easily be known around the target area. Price Having a low cost of raw materials used, the price of the finished product would not be costly. Having this kind of advantage, the product will have a great advantage on its competitors.Chapter III TECHNICAL ASPECTThe Technical aspect is the discussion of the basic and operational flow of the projec t. The technical aspect is one of the essentials of this tudy because this factor responds to the technicalities and basic structure of the proposed study. This includes the list of equipments, materials, structure plan and also the source of the supplies use in the proposed project. Business plans, promotion strategies, utilities, facilities, layout designs and location are included in this chapter. The Product JFS Spread is categorized as healthy spreads that will provide new taste in the spread industry. Product brand name is derived from the name of main ingredient which is Jackfruit Seed. It is rich in protein, vitamin C and A which are good for our health and for eye sight. The need for the product is to satisfy the basic need of the consumer.The consumers are becoming conscious with what are the benefits that they can get from the product. It is expected to change the conventional spread. The product weight is 220g per bottle. The product addresses to the need of alternative for peanut butter that have many beneficial. The Jackfruit seeds help lower blood pressure because of its high potassium content. This will give a great competitive opportunity to the sandwich spreads industry.†¢ It is an excellent energy food that helps to prevent constipation, obesity and contains a small amount of fats.†¢ This may also help to prevent and treat tension and nervousness†¢ It can also help cure ulcer and indigestion.Figure 2 Manufacturing Process Table 9 Raw Materials Ingredients |220g | |Jackfruit Seed |105g | |Sugar |84g | |Salt |1g | |Vegetable oil |30g |Description of the ProcessA. Boil and roast the Jackfruit seed1. Boil the Jackfruit seed2. Roast the Jackfruit seed3. Allow the peanuts to cool after roasting.4. Remove seed coveringB. Add brown sugar, salt, and vegetable oil to form a mixture Jackfruit seed then is added with sugar, salt, and vegetable oil for the taste and form a mixture.C. Put all the mixed ingredients to a food processor1. Mixt ure is put to a food processor that will grind the Jackfruit seed.2. Mix it well to make the mixture smoother.D. Quality Control Output is brought to the quality control department for checking for validation.E. Bottle filling 220g bottle are filled with 220g of the mixture.F. Packaging and Labeling Bottle being field are passed to processing and finishing department for the packaging and labeling of the product.G. Quality control The last and final is checking of the finished product. Table 10 Raw Materials Requirement Materials |Unit |Requirements per batch |Price per batch | |Jackfruit seed |105g | | | |Brown sugar |84g | | | |Vegetable oil |30g | | | |Salt |1g | | | |220g bottle |1pc. | | | Production Schedule Total number of weeks in a year 52 Number of working days in a week 6 (Mon. – Sat. ) Total number of working days in a year 312 (52Ãâ€"6) Number of Legal Holidays 23 Total number of Production Days237 Production ConsumptionAverage production per day 200 (220 g bott le) Number of production days 237 Factory Equipment The researchers decided to use the following equipments like heavy duty stove, refrigerator, saute pan, generator, stainless containers, weighing scale, electric blender, trolleys, pallet, mini truck, company vehicle, and fire extinguisher, to be used and needed in this manufacturing business. The equipment to be purchased as follow: Table 11 Production Equipment |Items |Description |Quality |Unit price |Total price |Life span | |Heavy duty stove |Used for brewing of the ingredients |2 pcs. 1,800 |3,600 |5 yrs | |Saute pan |Used for boiling and roasting of raw |6 pcs. |500 |3,000 |5 yrs | | |materials | | | | | |Refrigerator |For preservation of inventory |2 pcs. |5,000 |10,000 |56 yrs | |electric blender |Used for food processing |4 pcs. |1,000 |4,000 |5 yrs | |Generator |For emergency power supply |1 pc. |15,000 |15,000 |10 yrs | |Fire extinguisher |Used to secure safety in case of fire |4 pcs. 1,250 |5,000 |10 yrs | |Stainless c ontainer |Containers during production |8 pcs. |500 |4,000 |5 yrs | |Weighing scale |For accurate measure of the materials |2 pcs. |2,000 |4,000 |1 yr. | |Trolley |For easy transfer of objects |2 pcs. |600 |1,200 |5 yrs | |Pallet |Product holder |10 pcs. |100 |1,000 |2 yrs | |Company vehicle |For company service |1 pcs. |80,000 |80,000 |10 yrs | |Mini-truck |For the purpose of delivery and getting of|1 pc. 100,000 |100,000 |10 yrs | | |raw materials | | | | | Furniture and Fixtures For making the workplace organized and well presented. The following furniture and fixtures will be needed. Table 12 Furniture and Fixtures |Item |Quality |Unit price |Total amount |Life span | |Tables/ desk |3 pcs. |500 |1,500 |5 yrs | |Chairs |12 pcs. |75 |900 |5 yrs | |Filling cabinet |2 pcs. |1,000 |2,000 |10 yrs | Office EquipmentIn order for the business to operate with better facilities, the following office equipments are required. Table 13 Office Equipment |Item |Quality |Unit price |Total amount |Life span | |Computer (desktop) |1 pc. |15,000 |15,000 |5 yrs. | |Telefax |1 pc. |3,000 |3,000 |10 yrs. | |Air Con |1 pc. |10,000 |10,000 |5 yrs | Manufacturing Supplies Day to day operations of the business requires the following supplies: Table 14 Production Supplies Item |Quality |Unit price |Total amount | |Laboratory gown |6 pcs. |100 |600 | |Gloves |6 pcs. |100 |600 | |Rugs |12 pcs. |5 |60 | |Hand soap |2 pcs. |200 |400 | |Hair net |6 pcs. 30 |180 | Table 15 Office Supplies |Item |Quality |Unit price |Total amount | |Bond paper |1 ream |150 |150 | |Computer ink |1 cartridge |120 |120 | |Receipts |2 ream |100 |200 | |Ball pen |8 pcs. 30 |240 | |Folder |1 box |150 |150 | |Staple wires |5 box |10 |50 | |Paper fasteners |1 box |30 |30 |Utilities The business firm will need utilities in order to run and operate the business.These include the following:†¢ Electricity which is needed in manufacturing process witch is estimated a worth of Php 2000 in monthly consumptions which will be provided by Batangas Electric Cooperative II (BATELEC).†¢ Water which is needed in sanitizing the equipments, working place, and for food processing which is estimated a worth of Php 1000 in monthly consumptions which will be provided by Tanauan Water District. Telecommunication that is needed in dealing with inquiries, additional information, product orders, communicating to suppliers, and internet connection for online advertisements which is estimated a worth of Php 2000 in monthly consumptions which will be provided by Philippine Long Distance Telephone Company (PLDTco. ).†¢ Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) in elation with the heavy duty stove which is estimated a worth of Php 3000 in monthly consumption which will be provided by Shellane.†¢ Fuel or Diesel for vehicle purposes which is estimated a worth of Php 8000, which will be provided by Shell. Waste Disposal As an environment – friendly business entity, zero – waste management is made by se paration of biodegradable from non-biodegradable waste.Waste collection will be held based on the garbage collector’s schedule for collecting. Cleaning program is also implemented which cuts the production period an hour earlier for cleaning purposes. Plant Location In putting up a business entity we need to consider the following factors such as nearness to market, accessibility, water, and business supply, transportation and leasing cost in choosing location is the important thing that we need to study. After knowing those things, the researchers choose to establish the business at Brgy. Sambat Tanauan City. The availability of manpower is present and the location is applicable for the business. The transportation also plays a significant role that makes the location accessible.Because it is near at the market, Gasoline Station, Shellaine, Water Station and also to the CALABARZON. [pic] Figure 3 Plant Location [pic] Figure 4 Factory LayoutBoiling and roasting of the Jackfru it seed Add brown sugar, salt, and vegetable oil to form a mixture Put all the mixed ingredients to a food processor NO Quality Control YES Bottle filling Packaging and Labeling Quality control Caltex Plant Location Mini stop Shellane Shell Mc Donalds Jollibee Market 7 eleven Tanauan Crossing GOING TO CALABARZON Inventory area Entrance 300 sq. meters Cashier Mixing Packaging Quality Control Grinding Boiling ; Roasting STORE PARKING AREA

Holocaust drama stimulus

During our first lesson, as a class we went through a slide show of different shocking pictures. These shocking pictures represented what the Jewish people had to go through during the period in which the Holocaust took place. As a class, we discussed about how we felt looking at these pictures and these feelings and emotions were going to help us create a new piece of drama later on. The pictures that were being put in front of us made me feel disgusted, it made me feel disgusted that a whole race can happily discriminate and wipe out another race simply because they did not fit in or because they were not liked. I was shocked and angry because no one took action as no one really knew this massacre was taking place. We were going through the slide show which showed these horrid pictures of innocent women, men and even children getting killed, dead in piles of bodies or being in really bad conditions, these pictures made the atmosphere feel different; it made the atmosphere feel gloomy and depressing. Everyone who sat in the room went from feeling happy to feeling sad and miserable but suddenly a picture of a man who was behind all of this cruelty came up, at this point all I felt was anger but I also felt pity for him. I felt pity for him because I didn’t understand how someone can be this cruel to human beings. When the photograph of soldiers and one of Hitler laughing with some people was juxtaposed with the photos of the Jewish people in the camps it made me feel confused with different emotions such as anger and sadness. This was a picture which really made me think about what Jewish people really had to go through. I could see a huge group of heartless and cold blooded German soldiers at the back watching Jews being shot in the back of the head one by one, it seemed like it was some sort of entertainment for them and this was a day to day event. While the soldiers are just watching, a Jewish man is sitting beside his own death waiting to join all the others who have already been sent down. There was nothing he could do to stop him from falling into the ‘death whole’. I think there is some sort of juxtaposition in this picture. The soldiers who are enjoying and the Jewish who are next to their death have been put side to side despite their differences and despite the contrast between them. When we were thinking about being a Jewish person it made me feel miserable. People who were Jewish knew they were going to die one day or another, they were just waiting for their life to be taken by one of the heartless Germans, and living like this everyday with such a thought must have been horrific. I later then used these well-built feelings and emotions to help me maintain a strong and realistic character. These feelings made me focus on the character in which I was playing; it made me focus on what the character may have felt like and what the character went through. I then used all these factors to change the tone of my voice and the way I behave accordingly and appropriately to match the character I was playing. Task 1 After the discussion we were told to create three still images in our groups. We used all the emotions and feelings that a Jewish person may have had and interpreted it as our own. The still images had to include a family who represented three stages of their lives; 1. Life before anything happened 2. When they received the letter about what was going to happen to them 3. The family falling into pieces 1st STILL IMAGE; Happy family before anything happens. 1. The height between each character is different. Brandon is much higher then the rest, this shows that Brandon has higher authority and is a much important member of the family, they have used height arrangements in a clever way as the audience can quickly spot out who has higher authority within the family. 2. The group uses hand gestures to try and tell the audience thing. This particular gesture shows that the family are going to eat their dinner; this is represented with the way their arms and hands are positioned. However all the hand gestures are regular hand gestures, the group should have tried using different variations. 3. Facial expression has been used to express emotion, khaled has a smile on his face; this indicates that he is happy. However this expression looks unrealistic so to make this better khaled should have done a more realistic smile. 4. Proxemics has been used by the group to show the spacing between each character. They are all tightly packed in showing a good family atmosphere. 5. The group has tried to use their body language to show the audience that they are a family who are comfortable around each other. This is done well as they are well packed in together and are slouching in towards each other. The posture also shows the same, the way they are sitting around each other shows that they know each other very well. 2ND STILL IMAGE; this still image shows the stage in which the family has received shocking news 1. Facial expression has been used again by Brandon to show the emotions. The facial expressions that have been used by Brandon show that the family are in shock due to something that has happened or due to shocking information they have received. From this image you can see that Brandon has his face wide open while looking at the document. This has been successful as the audience can quickly spot out that Brandon is shocked. 2. Hand gestures have been used by khaled. In this image khaled look like he is holding something such as a young infant or a baby. However, holding a young infant does not fit in the scenario and it seems like it has been put there ‘randomly’. The group should have picked hand gestures that are connected to the situation. 3. The body language and posture between Rebecca and Calleh shows that they are trying to comfort each other as they are in distress; this has been done well as they are both very low down and their head are facing downwards while holding each other. 4. Proxemics has been used again in this image to show the relationship between two individual by putting them very close to each other. From the body image of the two characters, we can tell that they are in great distress and they are trying to comfort each other by holding each other’s arm. 5. The levels show you who are more upset within the family and who are in more distress. We can tell that the men are taking the situation calmly although they are in shock but the women are in more distress. 3rd STILL IMAGE; Stage in which each family member has to leave and make their own way. 1. Brandon has used facial expression; we can tell that he is not happy; in fact he is quite angry and upset about leaving everyone. His facial expressions are quite powerful as it looks realistic. 2. Their postures and body language gives a hint to the audience that they are not happy. Everyone has their head down showing that they are in distress but the character that had the higher authority (Brandon) is looking back at everything. 1. Everyone is now at the same height and stages, this shows that they are all at the same stages and shows that they all have the same values and destiny (they were all going to die). 2. Gestures have been used, each member have put out their hand, this tells the audience that they do not want to leave each other, and want to come back together as a family. Using arms as a method of connection within individuals is quite powerful. 3. Proxemics(the use of space) represent that they are all now separating from each other to go live their own lives, this is shown as they are further apart from each other and there is no way of coming back together. This group told the audience something new, we were told that Jewish family were like any other families and they lived a normal life such as having family dinners together. Jewish families had nothing that was different from other families but due to new laws and rules they had to leave each other and it’s not very easy to leave someone who is part of your family. This group have worked well as a group to show real emotions and all the gestures they have acted out were realistic making the whole performance realistic and effective. We analysed the poem at first as a class, we could feel the tension around the classroom building up as we were going through the poem. When the poem was being read by the teacher, it felt like a Jewish boy was talking to us directly, it felt so realistic as when the poem was read out, slow and emotional string music was going on in the background making every individual feel upset and emotional. The mixture of the long and short sentences (stanza) makes an impact. Also I like that the writer has used simple use of vocabulary for such a serious situation. However, while analysing the poem I realised that turning such a serious situation into a performance was hard because we had to bring all the different emotions together. When we then got into a group to start a performance, we chose music to accompany our performance. Our group chose music that had a slow pace to it, this fitted in well as our performance in a whole was quite slow. However it was very hard to find unique motions for different sections of the poem. During our performance we put a lot of emphasis on particular words, at the beginning of our performance one individual said; â€Å"and thrown into the fire†. We put emphasis on the word ‘thrown’ by saying it together at the same time with a strong loud voice and the person, who started the sentence alone, finishes the sentence. This made it so much powerful as it tells the audience how bad the Jewish were treated and makes the audience think. Also when shouting a powerful word out in a quiet surrounding, the audience gets shocked and feel more emotional towards the performance. When saying it we also dropped on the floor making it more effective as it was quite loud. â€Å"Lawyers, rabbis, wives, teachers, mothers†; we gave each word to different individual and they all said it in unison. I was sitting in the middle as a child ‘who had dreams, then had no hope’ with each character saying one word that was a career which I could have had. After saying their career they walked off, this showed that the dream I had, has gone and I have now no hope. Saying it unison made an effect as it shows how it not only affected a group of people, but it affected every individual deeply. We also used echoes. â€Å"We were taken away in the dead of night like cattle in cars, no air to breathe† The lights completely switched off and we all came together in a circle facing outwards. When the light turned back on I started saying ‘we were taken away in the dead of night’ then another individual said ‘like cattle in cars, no air to breathe’. The other two individuals where quietly whispering ‘no air to breathe’ creating an echo. It made the atmosphere feel tensed and spooky. We could have improved this as the lights were not switched on and off at the correct times not giving us enough time to go into our position, we should have made it clear to the person who was doing the lighting. Also as we panicked about the light we forgot few bits which we had to say together. â€Å"Smothering, Crying, Starving, Dying†, we all had a particular word to say and while saying it got into a position. We were all in a line in a different level. The person who said ‘Smothering’ were stood higher up and the person who said ‘dying’ was completely on the floor. This showed the different stages a Jewish person went through. Saying it in unison showed that everyone went through the same stages and ended up in the same place ‘dying’. I think this really worked well as saying it in unison and doing the movement to match the word really explained each stage that a Jewish individual had to go through. â€Å"From the ashes, hear our plea†; we said ‘hear our plea’ together as it made it more clear to the audience that ALL the Jewish children were upset and frustrated and wanted someone to listen to them. Our motion to this was sitting on the floor with our arms out looking upwards as if we were praying to have justice and for people to listen to us. I think we could have improved this by saying this together at the same time and improve our timings. â€Å"This atrocity to mankind can not happen again†; we shouted out ‘can not’ together to show our anger against what has happened and show that this certainly cannot happen again. I personally believe this worked well as it showed our anger because we did not shout many things out so shouting these particular words out really meant something. At the end we all got in a line and sat down, we then each said few words from this sentence; remember us/, for we were the children/ whose dreams and lives/ were stolen away. After saying our section we looked down and the lights slowly switched off. I think this was a good end because it seemed like we came back from dead to give a message to everyone and then went back. I believe that we worked well as a group and rehearsed well towards our performance. We had few errors during our performance in which one individual forgot to say something and some repetition were forgotten but these errors were not noticeable.

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Internal Combustion Engine

Internal Combustion Engine There are various internal combustion engines in existence. These engines are usually categorized according to their physical layout (inline/ straight, flat/ boxer, V, and W), the number of cylinders they contain (single, twin/ two, four, six, eight, ten, twelve, and sixteen), and the type of fuel they use (petrol/ gasoline, gas, and diesel).Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Internal Combustion Engine specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More So for example, one may come across a ‘V12 petrol engine’ or a ‘four cylinder diesel engine. As can be seen from the two examples aforementioned, all the defining aspects/ attributes of the engines have been captured in their names. Due to the different characteristics (e.g., weight, size, number of cylinders) and working principles (e.g. magneto, coil, number of strokes per cycle, fuel injection or carburetor systems) of internal combustion engines, the different engi ne types are used for a varied number of applications. The following is a small summery of the five most common engine types according to the type of fuel that they use. Gasoline Engines They are also referred to as petrol engines, and as the name suggests, run on petrol. They are commonly used to propel small and medium sized motor vehicles, motorcycles, aircraft, motorboats, lawn mowers, portable electricity generators, and chainsaws. These engines have several advantages which include: -are cheaper to produce and acquire compared to their diesel equivalents -they are not as noisy as diesel engines -their spare parts are cheaper to buyAdvertising Looking for report on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The disadvantages on the other hand include: -they are less efficient over longer journeys -they usually have a lower resale value -heavier petrol engine vehicles need to be driven harder to enable ove rtaking maneuvers. This leads to increased fuel consumption. b) Gas Engine (Spark Ignition) The term ‘spark ignition’ refers to the use of electric sparks to ignite/ cause fuel to combust. These sparks are developed when a high voltage current is forced to ‘jump’ across a small gap. The phrase ‘Gas Engine’ however, is an ambiguous term which could imply/ refer to an internal combustion engine which runs on either petrol, Liquid Petroleum Gas (LPG), Compressed Natural Gas (CNG), hydrogen, bio-ethanol, methanol, ethanol, or nitro-methane. The advantages and disadvantages of these engines vary slightly from one fuel type to the other, but some common similarities do exist, i.e.:Advertising We will write a custom report sample on Internal Combustion Engine specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Advantages -are cheaper to produce and acquire compared to their diesel equivalents -they are not as noisy as di esel engines -their spare parts are cheaper to buy The disadvantages on the other hand include: -they are less efficient over longer journeys -they usually have a lower resale valueAdvertising Looking for report on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More -heavier spark ignition engine vehicles need to be driven harder to enable overtaking maneuvers. This leads to increased fuel consumption. c) Oil Burning Diesel Engines These are basically just normal diesel engines that can be found on an ordinary vehicle. However, instead of running them purely on diesel, the owners of such engines usually add a small amount of used engine oil to the fuel (diesel). This process is commonly done to ships, big/ heavy duty trucks, and tractors. Such engines have various advantages like: -they help in reducing wastage by recycling used engine oil -they are cheaper to run as they use oil which most people have no use for and thus attach no value to them. -they are more flexible as they can run on either diesel or petrol, or even a blend of the two. The disadvantages are that: -they produce a lot of smoke which contributes to environmental pollution -they require special care due to the possibility of damage which might be caused by metal particles in t he recycled oil. d) Gas Diesel Engines The idea of such an engine was necessitated by the need for a fuel efficient engine with minimal resulting harmful emissions. This led scientists to develop an internal combustion engine that incorporated the highly fuel efficient technologies found in diesel engines but ran on the more environmentally friendly petrol. The result is a ‘gas-powered diesel engine’ that is about twice as economical as a petrol engine and cleaner than a diesel engine (Nguyen, 2011). This engine is not commonly used commercially as the technology behind it is still in the research and development phase. The advantages of these engines are that; -it is almost twice as economical as a petrol engine -it has much few carbon emissions than a diesel engine. The disadvantage is that: -it is about twenty five percent less powerful than a regular gas/ petrol or diesel engine at full throttle. e) Dual-fuel diesel Engines, Dual-fuel is a device/ gadget that have b een developed by ‘Clean Air Power’ to work with the standard original equipment manufacturers of standard diesel engines. Dual-fuel works by injecting a mixture of natural gas and air into the combustion chamber of the diesel engine. This mixture cannot ignite spontaneously like diesel under compression by the cylinder; therefore, a small charge (about 10 percent of the total energy of the fuel) of diesel is injected to the main mixture of gas and air to act like a multitude of microscopic spark-plugs that ignites the mixture (Richard, 2010). This technology has been confirmed to work on DAF’s and Mercedes’ heavy duty diesel truck engines. Advantages of these engines are: -they have fewer carbon emissions than standard diesel engines -they can run entirely on diesel alone -they can run on gas -they are more efficient than diesel engines Despite all the differences in working principles of the above mentioned engine types, they all share a significant numbe r of key elements and components. The most obvious element shared by internal combustion engines is the aspect of compression and ignition of a fuel charge. Although the processes involved may vary for different engine configurations (e.g. in a four stroke engine this process occurs over a 720 degree revolution of the crankshaft, where you have the ‘intake stroke’, followed by the ‘compression stroke’, next is the ‘power stroke’, and finally you have the ‘exhaust stroke’, with each engine stroke taking place over a 180 degree revolution of the crank shaft. In contrast to this, in a two stroke engine this process occurs over a 360 degree rotation of the crankshaft, owing to the lack of dedicated ‘intake’ and ‘exhaust strokes’.), these two elements exist over all engine configurations and fuel types. The most important parts of internal combustion engines (all engines) are the crankcase/ engine block, the pi stons, connecting rods, cylinders, and crankshaft. The crankcase is usually cast or drilled from a light-metal material (usually iron pr aluminum) in order to keep the overall weight of the engine down hence increasing its efficiency. The crankcase, in addition to housing and protecting the crank shaft and connecting rods, also serves as an oil container and a rigid structure for connecting the transmission to the engine (John, 2004). A piston is a part of the engine that moves in a reciprocating manner inside the cylinder/ combustion chamber. It is responsible for the transfer of power produced by the exploding gases in the combustion chamber, to the crankshaft through a connecting rod that is usually attached to it. It also acts as an intake and exhaust valve in a two-stroke internal combustion engine. Earlier pistons were made from cast iron, but the need for lighter engine components resulted to the adoption of cast aluminum alloys (Nazrul, 2013). The cylinder is the top hollow part of the engine block. It is mostly cast from aluminum and iron to minimize on weight. The cylinder in an internal combustion engine acts as a housing for the piston. It also guides the movement of the piston during the various engine strokes, and it is where the combustion of fuel charges takes place. The other component is the crankshaft. It spins in a circular motion in correspondence to the connecting rods’ movements. They also normally act as the output shaft in a reciprocating internal combustion engine, and either be connected to a gearbox/ transmission or be bolted on directly to whatever device that needs to be driven. Crankshafts are usually either forged or cast from iron and steel (McFarland, 2009). With the information that has been highlighted in the foregoing documentation, it suffices to explain how internal combustion engines work. First off is the ‘four-stroke petrol engine. When the piston (the yellow part of the image) moves downwards, a vacuum i s created inside the cylinder, the intake valve opens (the blue part of the image), and a charge of petrol mixed with air is injected into the cylinder. This is called the ‘intake-stroke’. After reaching the Bottom Dead Center (BDC), the intake valve closes and the piston starts to ascend, thereby compressing the air-fuel mixture in the process. This is the ‘compression stroke’. At Top Dead Center (TDC), a spark is introduced by the spark-plug and the fuel charge is ignited. This results to expansion of gases inside the cylinder, thereby pushing the piston downwards. This is represents the ‘power stroke’. The piston then begins to ascend, aping the compression stroke. The exhaust valves (the red part of the diagram) open during this stroke to allow the expulsion of burnt gases from the cylinder. This is called the ‘exhaust stroke’. These engine strokes occur over a 720 degree revolution of the crankshaft (the purple part). A four-s troke diesel engine works in the same manner, the only difference being that during the intake stroke, only air is injected into the cylinder. The air heats-up during the compression stroke, and at TDC diesel is injected into the cylinder and spontaneously combusts when it comes into contact with the hot air. This is the reason why diesel engines do not have spark-plugs. For a two-stroke petrol engine, the previously mentioned processes of intake, compression, ignition, and exhaustion are accomplished with only two revolutions of the crankshaft. During the intake stroke (which is also the power stroke), a vacuum is created inside the cylinder and this forces a mixture of petrol and air to rush in to occupy the empty cylinder as shown by the arrow on the above diagram. The mixture is compressed during the compression stroke (which also serves as the exhaust stroke). At TDC, a spark is introduced and the charge is ignited. The two-stroke diesel engine works in a similar manner, the di fference being that only air is injected into the cylinder during the intake stroke, and that instead of a spark being introduced at TDC, diesel is injected into the cylinder leading to spontaneous combustion of the fuel charge. A fundamental component of the internal combustion engine is the fueling/ fuel system. For a diesel engine, it comprises of a fuel tank, injection pump, and injection nozzles. The injection pump is responsible for delivering highly pressurized fuel to the injection nozzles, which atomize the fuel before injecting it into the combustion chamber. The basic fueling system of a petrol engine employs the use of a carburetor like the one shown below. Air rushes in through the air intake manifold creating a region of low pressure when the throttle is opened. The pressure difference forces a fine jet of atomized petrol to flow from the float chamber, and mix with the incoming air. This mixture then flows into the cylinder where it is ignited by a spark to produce power. The spark is produced by the ignition system which usually consists of a source of electric current (either a battery or a magneto), a condenser, and a spark plug as shown below. The coil draws and amplifies current and the passes it to the condenser which further amplifies it to about 25000 volts before it is sent to the spark plug. References John, K. (2004, ). FPO IP Research Communities.  Crankcase for an internal combustion engine DaimlerChrysler AG. Web. McFarland, J. (2009, February). Crankshaft Tech Let’s Torque About Crankshafts.  CIRCLE TRACK. Web. Nazrul, I. (2013, ). Academia.edu Share research.  Design and construction of a piston for four stroke single cylinder S.I. engine by die-casting | AKM Nazrul Islam -Academia.edu. Web. Nguyen, T. (2011, 23). SmartPlanet Innovative Ideas That Impact Your World.  Gas powered diesel engine may double fuel efficiency | SmartPlanet. Web. Richard, H. (2010,). Clean Air Power dual fuel technology natural ga s components.  DUAL-FUEL TECHNOLOGY. Web.

Effective, Efficient, Effectual, and Efficacious

Effective, Efficient, Effectual, and Efficacious Effective, Efficient, Effectual, and Efficacious Effective, Efficient, Effectual, and Efficacious By Maeve Maddox My recent post on cost-effective and cost-efficient garnered a couple of emails from readers who suggested that I might not be aware that effective and efficient have different meanings. Despite the difference between the words effective and efficient when used alone, once the word cost is added to them to produce cost-effective and cost-efficient, the meaning of both compounds appears to be economical or cost-saving. I’d welcome the input of an economist who could provide contexts to show a difference in meaning between the compounds, if one in fact exists. Effective and efficient, on the other hand, belong to a group of adjectives relating to the idea of getting results. Their similarity in meaning is clear in these OED definitions: effective: Powerful in effect; producing a notable effect; effectual. efficient: Productive of effects; effective; adequately operative. effectual: That produces its intended effect, or adequately answers its purpose. efficacious: That produces, or is certain to produce, the intended or appropriate effect; effective. Like the readers who wrote to me, I see a significant difference between effective and efficient. I understand efficient to mean, â€Å"marked by ability to choose and use the most effective and least wasteful means of doing a task or accomplishing a purpose.† For example, burning the house down to get rid of termites would be effective, but not efficient. Here are some examples of suggested usage based on a note in the Oxford American Writer’s Thesaurus: Use effective to describe something that produces a definite effect or result. Antony proved that he was an effective speaker by rousing the rabble against the men who killed Caesar. Use efficient when the intention is to imply skill and economy of energy in producing the desired result. In less than a year, the new treasurer’s efficient management resulted in the elimination of the organization’s enormous debt. Use effectual to describe something that produces the desired result in a decisive manner. Destroying the bridge proved to be an effectual strategy for stopping the invaders. Use efficacious to describe something that produces the desired effect. Ginger is an efficacious remedy for an upset stomach. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Misused Words category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:12 Types of Language7 Patterns of Sentence StructureShore It Up

A Change in the Curriculum for Children with Moderate Disabilities Essay

A Change in the Curriculum for Children with Moderate Disabilities - Essay Example Children with moderate disabilities have certain skills, which can be enhanced through a change in the curriculum. Our present system of education has also identified a need for this revolution in the curriculum.   Therefore every individual who is directly or indirectly involved in dealing with children should contribute towards the development of the content in a syllabus. I foresee an immense amount of change in my role as a special educator with the implementation of the new curriculum. It will enlighten me about various innovative strategies of imparting education and have its own implications on my career as an educationalist. Since a child learns the basics during the first few years of education, our syllabus should emphasize a change right from the elementary school. The new curriculum will be designed to meet the challenges of future education of children considering the loopholes in the present pattern of the syllabus. The curriculum should cater to the developmental needs such as the emotional, social, physical and intellectual requirement of children. Multiage grouping is one of the concepts that may be introduced in the future. It refers to the integration of students from diverse backgrounds, abilities, interests, personalities, and ages in a single classroom. Therefore, this set up offers more opportunities for a different segment of children to interact with each other. It also teaches normal children to develop a sense of caring, understanding and accommodating nature because they interact with children having various disabilities. It also enlightens them about the kind of concerns that such ch ildren face every day and the measures to deal with it. It makes them more competent to deal with such children. The introduction of multiage grouping will eliminate the concept of a conventional graded classroom. Due to the absence of graded level education, the related labels associated with it will not be applicable. The students will progress from easier to difficult learning material based on their individual capabilities. Hence, they will continuously progress rather than being promoted yearly. There will also be flexibility in the expectations of each child due to their varied competencies. [Johnson, 1998]. In addition to multiage grouping, there will be efforts made to integrate technology into education. There is a lot of controversy about this concept of fusing technology into education however I think there will be the implementation of new and useful education technologies. This will ensure the learning of new concepts in an interesting manner. This will also help childr en in actively exploring, experimenting and learning through innovative techniques and methods. The new curriculum will stress physically exploring various concepts. There are several such activities already in place for Kindergarten children to make learning an interesting task. For instance, building with blocks, digging in sandboxes, and drawing new ideas.  Ã‚  

Analysis and design of concrete pavements Research Paper

Analysis and design of concrete pavements - Research Paper Example Concrete pavements are durable surfaces that are laid down on roads and walkways primarily to sustain vehicular or foot traffic. Throughout the history, Concrete has always been as one of the most durable, cheap and reliable materials for conventional pavements found in the highways, streets, airports as well as residential and business parking areas. This is particularly attributed to the various properties of Concrete such as workability, strength and durability. For example, apart from offering the best riding surface, concrete is also widely believed to be economical, durable and sustainable solution for most surfaces (Shackel, 2008) Generally, there are currently two main methods of making concrete pavements namely the slip form and the fixed form paving. In the slipform paving method, machine usually rides on the treads over a particular area to be paved before fresh concrete is deposited on the paved surface. Next, a paving machine is then used to spread, screed and consolidate the concrete into a continuous operation. On the other hand, fixed-form paving involves setting and aligning stationary metal forms on solid foundation and then rigidly staking them. Concrete is then spread using a mechanical spreader before it is consolidated, finished and cured. After putting the finish to the concrete pavements, joints are should be created in order to help control cracking as well as to provide a system of relief for the potential concrete expansion due to moisture or temperature changes. In most cases, joints are usually created by sawing. Lastly, the surface is then textured before the concrete is completely dry in order to provide some form of skid resistance. Thickness of concrete pavements should be designed such that the stress and strains developed is less than allow able measurements gotten from prior performance information. The design of the pavement must keep moisture out of the sub base, capping, and subgrade

Educational Research. Correlational Research From Other Types Of Assignment

Educational Research. Correlational Research From Other Types Of Research - Assignment Example Klimstra et al. also sought to clarify several inconsistencies that had been found by other studies before, but not researched (Klimstra et al. 150). This study sought to examine the manner in which formation of identity in adolescents can be described best using self-report surveys. The study by Klimstra et al. follows almost the exact organization as that in the survey research from the text. First, the study has a purpose statement discussed above, it also has a problem statement, which is whether the formation of identity in adolescents is best characterized by stability or change; as well it has an abstract in the beginning. The collection of data in the two studies was similar in that the participants were asked to fill out questionnaires that would be analyzed later. In addition, the analysis of data involved the use of scales, although the scales were different in both studies. While the sample study in the text used the Likert Scale, the Identity Formation in Adolescence: Ch ange or Stability research study used the Utrecht-Management of Identity Commitments Scale. 2. What differentiates correlational research from other types of research? A common thing among all the correlational research studies is the fact that they are involved in the exploration of relationships between different variables. This differs from the descriptive research, since the descriptive research only describes what happens or what is going on. ... rrelational research also differs from the causal-comparative research, as the correlational researcher is attempting to measure the nature of variable relationships, rather than a cause and effect relationship (Mertler & Charles 256). For instance, a correlational research study could conclude that there was a correlation between violence among family members and ice-skating. While this may seem strange, it is true that there is a correlation, rather than a relation. As more individuals are involved in ice-skating in the United States, there is more violence among family members. The question, however, that this research poses is whether these findings are indicative of the fact that ice-skating causes violence among family members, for instance, whether people who have some bad time on the ice rink take it out on family members. In addition, could it be that violence with a family member caused one to feel the need to go out and skate the whole day? The truth is that none of these variables leads to the other; they are simply correlated. Every time that people go out to skate, there is an increase in violence among family members. On the other hand, it is also possible to predict that every time violence among family members goes down, it will lead that there will be fewer people at the local ice skating rink. What exists is a hidden link that binds these two variables together; which itself is a third variable, which, in this case, is winter. As people spend more time at home in winter, violence among family members goes up while more people also tend to go ice-skating in winter. 3. What are the principal data sources in experimental and quasi-experimental research? Quasi-experimental and experimental research designs are used for systematic observation of the

How has the advancement of technology affected the ability to produce Research Paper

How has the advancement of technology affected the ability to produce and analyze imagery intelligence (IMINT) - Research Paper Example Whereas all types of intelligence that can be gathered has a distinctive purpose and subset of potential users, the growth and proliferation, as well as increasing extent of cutting-edge technology, has created a situation by which IMINT faces a fundamental crisis. Ultimately, this particular branch of intelligence is one that has increasing relevance and potential within the current world. As such, the rising costs associated with maintaining on cups of relevance and technology with regard to IMINT has been steadily increasing over the past several decades; seemingly with no end in sight. Accordingly, this particular analysis will not only seek to analyze the current exhibition of this particular form of intelligence but also to denote the underlying reasons for why costs have been rising so exponentially as well as provide for potential levels of remedy that might be directed towards reducing these costs. Furthermore, shortcomings and drawbacks with respect to other proposed remedi es will also be referenced in the hopes of providing a full and nuanced understanding of the problem at hand as well as the ways in which it might potentially be engaged. The rapid rate of technological growth and expansion has created undue difficulty for aspects of image intelligence. In much the same way that the average cost of a single fighter jet has risen exponentially over the past several decades, the cost of gathering and analyzing potentially salient intelligence information form of images is tracking along the same path. Even an individual that does not have formal training with respect to finance and accounting could realize the fact that such a path is unsustainable; especially considering the limited resources that the United States government will be able to provide to achieve a specific goals that image intelligence might exhibit within the coming years. As such, one of the key recommendations that have been made with respect to seeking to ameliorate the overall

See attachment for essay question Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

See attachment for question - Essay Example This paper shall now discuss the preceding statement, examining the implications of such statement for social work practice. It shall define madness based on a technical and operational definition of the term as will now be used and applied in this paper. It shall then discuss where madness originated from, focusing on the evolution of the thought processes related to the current concept and understanding of madness. This paper shall apply madness and its concepts to social work and their work with service users. It shall also cover relevant legislation. Finally, this paper shall discuss the ethics and values of social work in relation to madness. This paper is being undertaken in order to assess and evaluate the current subject matter and how it affects the current social work practice. It ultimately aims to ensure a more profound, academics, scholarly application, and evidence-based application of the subject matter. The Cambridge Dictionaries Online (2010) defines madness as â€Å"the state of being mentally ill or unable to behave in a reasonable way†. This definition is again another generic definition of madness, one that can even easily be interchanged with the term crazy or insane. Nevertheless, the definition points out important elements about one’s state of mind in this condition of madness – which it relates to a state of being in an unreasonable or illogical state of mind. The mental processes and the normal logical thoughts of a person are compromised in times of madness; hence, in instances when one is not logically processing ideas and thoughts, some people are prone to label such person as ‘mad.’ The Encyclopedie (as cited by Foucault, 2005, p. 98) sets forth that madness means to â€Å"depart from reason with confidence and in the firm conviction that one is following it†. There is a broken relationship between man and his reason and the p erson believes that his mind is

Case Study in Managerial Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case Study in Managerial Accounting - Essay Example The cost endor being placed at $5.50 is referred to as the variable cost since it is believed to be the market cost though it tends to vary depending on the market situations. The $5.75 is referred to as the period cost since used for accounting purposes to record the actual expense to be incurred when the product is purchased The $14,000 that Alderon received from Solo Industries is referred to as fixed price that Solo Industries fixed for the tatooine. The $20,000 that Alderon paid is referred to as the product cost since Aalderon actually incurred the cost and it was used for accounting purposes.10If the tatooine was purchased today by Alderon, then it would cost $11.00 which is therefore referred to as the market price. The $1,000 is referred to as indirect labor cost as the price cannot be directly traced back to the product. The $10,000 that would have been a donation of each of the 10 percent viewers of the wildlife show is an opportunity cost as the best forgone alternative. The $5000 is referred to as the outlay cost as it would be the future cash flow. The $25,000 is the revenue cost likely to be collected once the wildlife show is sold to another television show. The wildlife show has a smaller viewing percentage but have high income of $10000Ãâ€"10=$100,000 as compared to the manufacturing show with a big viewing percentage but low income of $5000Ãâ€"15=$75000. It is therefore of significance to show wildlife as opposed to manufacturing

See attachment for essay question Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

See attachment for question - Essay Example This paper shall now discuss the preceding statement, examining the implications of such statement for social work practice. It shall define madness based on a technical and operational definition of the term as will now be used and applied in this paper. It shall then discuss where madness originated from, focusing on the evolution of the thought processes related to the current concept and understanding of madness. This paper shall apply madness and its concepts to social work and their work with service users. It shall also cover relevant legislation. Finally, this paper shall discuss the ethics and values of social work in relation to madness. This paper is being undertaken in order to assess and evaluate the current subject matter and how it affects the current social work practice. It ultimately aims to ensure a more profound, academics, scholarly application, and evidence-based application of the subject matter. The Cambridge Dictionaries Online (2010) defines madness as â€Å"the state of being mentally ill or unable to behave in a reasonable way†. This definition is again another generic definition of madness, one that can even easily be interchanged with the term crazy or insane. Nevertheless, the definition points out important elements about one’s state of mind in this condition of madness – which it relates to a state of being in an unreasonable or illogical state of mind. The mental processes and the normal logical thoughts of a person are compromised in times of madness; hence, in instances when one is not logically processing ideas and thoughts, some people are prone to label such person as ‘mad.’ The Encyclopedie (as cited by Foucault, 2005, p. 98) sets forth that madness means to â€Å"depart from reason with confidence and in the firm conviction that one is following it†. There is a broken relationship between man and his reason and the p erson believes that his mind is

Ethical Scrapbook Essay Example for Free

Ethical Scrapbook Essay The ethical scrapbook part two coincides with further evaluations in regard to 12 contemporary examples of different situations, and circumstances. With these 12 contemporary examples, in which further discusses each team member’s evaluation, and opinions of each example. These examples include: Police Acts of Kindness, People reaching out after hurricane Sandy, Daughter display of Kindness, Acts of Vigilantism, Community Revenge, Diana, the Hunter of Bus Drivers, Women Demand Respect, Salt March, Flying Pickets, and Sit-ins. In addition, these examples also include Poll tax Non-Payment, Professionals committing crimes, in which Kenneth Lay, along with Stuart Greenberg, and James Traficant who represents individuals who has the role of professionals committing such crimes. With these 12 contemporary examples, each team member’s goal is to decide if the particular individual makes the best decision given the circumstances and can one see himself or herself acting similarly in theses similar circumstances. With comparing one’s individual response as a team, these responses will permit answers pertaining to examples that generate an agreement between each team member. These examples will generate disagreement, along with the reflection of each disagreement in terms of an individual’s personal values. With further detail, one will also answer the following: laws for acting as a Good Samaritan. In addition, Vigilantism becoming a part of the criminal justice system when it fails, along with the circumstances of which one may violate the law in regard to enforcing the law. One’s opinion on civil disobedience becoming effective with changes to the law, along with certain laws to become in agreement when considering violating to change, and determining conditions that exist within a profession, excluding that of criminal justice professions, in which contributes to unethical behaviors. In  addition, deciding if the American society has become predisposed to ethical or unethical behaviors. Finalizing the summary is to identify the ethical considerations for both the future of the criminal justice system, and reducing ethical violations. With the 12 contemporary examples for each solution, team members will provide the best resolution of one’s opinion for every scenario. Police Acts of Kindness Review  The best decision of an individual in regard to Police Acts of Kindness, one answers that the police officers went out of his or her jurisdiction to assist children who are at a high-risk of involving themselves among other youth of troubling paths. These officers also assist with providing positive outcomes for the youth, instead of involvement in gang activity, and drug involvement. With this particular example, one may find themselves acting in the similar circumstances of the police officers. These circumstances involve the opportunity to help individuals, and believe one is making a difference in another person’s life. As a result, the experience becomes rewarding, and to have the personal knowledge that another individual’s goals have become meant. Hurricane Sandy Review The best decision of an individual in regard to hurricane Sandy, one may answer the outcome in giving freely. These acts of kindness and giving freely include free medical care to those who cannot afford medicine. In addition, an individual provides home electricity to charge cellphones of individuals to reach out to family and friends. If one could act similarly, individuals will not pay for medical care, and other non-perishable supplies. Daughter displays Kindness Review The best possible decision of an individual in regard to a daughter displaying kindness, one may also answer to have the assurance of the community is an amazing accomplishment, in which helps both the sister and aunt readjust to life circumstances. If one could act similarly, making a negative situation in turn for something good is a self-fulfilling accomplishment. Community Revenge Review The best possible decision of an individual in regard to community revenge, an arrest is the best resolution for this particular situation because of the involvement of the community, in which results with a positive outcome. If one could act similarly with this situation, one will become the target of vengeance for oneself, and other women. Diana-the Hunter of Bus Drivers Review The best possible decision of an individual in regard to the hunter of bus drivers, law enforcement officials fail to provide justice for these women. As a result, these women begin to seek vengeance. If one could act similarly, one may also seek vengeance because of the traumatic experience these women endures. Women Demand Respect Review The best possible decision of an individual in regard to women demanding respect, one may answer that the suffering of sexual harassment by men results in acts of Vigilante. With the acts of Vigilante, women have the best possible decision by hauling these men to law enforcement officials personally. Salt March Review The best possible decision of an individual in regard to the Salt March, Gandhi makes the best possible decision by defying the empire over the salt monopoly. If one could act similarly, one will become in agreement to achieving the best outcome for everyone and not what is best for the government. Flying Pickets and Sit-ins Review The best possible decision of an individual in regard to flying pickets and sit-ins because individuals believe to have better work situations for themselves, and coworkers. If one could act similarly, one will permit him or herself to better working conditions. Poll Tax Non-Payment Review The best possible decision of an individual in regard to poll tax non-payment is the exposure of the leader, in which becomes an effective tax collection process. If one could act similarly, these actions are helping the government and not hurting people one will permit his or her approval. Kenneth Lay Review The best possible decision Kenneth Lay demonstrates is his ability of obtaining financial gain within a company. As a result, Kenneth Lay did not fully demonstrate accuracy of the business and mishandles a large number of people’s money, in which causes he or she to commit suicide because they lost everything in the process. This individual did not make the best possible decision. If one could act similarly, one will not permit these types of actions by hurting those who has any involvement with the company. Stuart Greenberg Review Stuart Greenberg did not make the best possible decision because he did not remain truthful with his cases, in which discredits his professionalism. If one could act similarly, one will not become in agreement to act as such because one’s employment will become in jeopardy. James Traficant Review James Traficant did not make the best possible decision in regard to his staff. If one could act similarly, one will choose not to take advantage of innocent individuals. Reflection of Both Agreements and Disagreements The examples generating the most agreement between each team member include: (1) Daughter displays kindness, (2) People reach out after hurricane Sandy, (3) Police Acts of Kindness, (4) Women demand respect, along with (5) Flying Pickets, and sit-ins examples. The most least favorable example by each team member is the Diana, the hunter of bus drivers, Kenneth Lay, along with Stuart Greenberg. These examples reflect an individual’s personal value systems by the way, each situation displays unethical behaviors. Good Samaritan Law People have a natural tendency to help someone in distress, he or she believes the moral obligation to help, and serve other people but there are a few that would rather watch a person suffer in agony rather than assisting him or her. Jurisdictions should have a Good Samaritan law requiring an individual to help another individual if he or she becomes able, this can help provide the necessary assistance to the person until the proper authority arrives. In today’s day of frivolous lawsuits many people become  scarce to lend a hand and help a person in need. Individuals may choose to not become responsible for any damages one may create in regard to assisting another individual. Individuals may become more comfortable by recording events on his or her cell phone along uploading on YouTube. If there were laws requiring an individual to help another individual people in need can get the necessary assistance in a timely manner, and punish those that refuse to help someone in need . Permanence of Vigilantism, and One’s opinion of violating the Law The Criminal Justice System no longer displays strong management skills as new laws become into existence. These management skills will permit defense attorneys to finding loop holes in regard to protecting his or her clients. Many believe he or she requires the fulfillment of taking matters into his or her hands. Vigilantism should not become a part of any function if the criminal justice fails. In addition, just like the victim, the defendant has rights, and if he or she becomes innocent, the community must accept the judgment of the courts. There are many factors that influence the decision of the courts, in which most of the community becomes unaware of viable information. The one circumstance, in which the community obligates themselves with violating the law is to enforce the law in regard to the criminal justice system failing. In Detroit the community decides to take the law into his or her hands when the local authorities delays a rape investigation of a 15- year old girl, and the suspect becomes set free (Garcia, 2013). Civil Disobedience Becoming Effective in Changing the Law In one’s opinion, one may agree with civil disobedience becoming effective in regard to changing the law. Civil disobedience in one’s opinion, ushers the equality for minorities, along with the civil rights movement stemming from the 1960s continues to develop changes in the law. These changes also include the antiwar sentiments of the 1970s has become a change into the present, yet not as a benefit for those who want to do away with wars. The tea party has a change with the way politicians approach certain circumstances. The change one disagrees with is the gun ownership, and property rights. Gun ownership permits for more violence, and individuals do not fully understand the rules and regulations of gun laws. Individuals who  pose these guns find themselves on the other side of the law because of lack of knowledge in protecting themselves, including his or her property. An individual cannot protect him or herself from an intruder entering his or her property because certain laws exist that prohibits this type of gun use. Existing Conditions within a Profession Conditions that exist in a profession, in which excludes the criminal justice profession that contributes to unethical behavior include the role of leadership, and employees within his or her workplace are two examples of displaying unethical behaviors. The unethical behavior of leaders most often has consequences for him or her, along with followers, and his or her respective organizations (Chandler, 2009). Examples of these unethical behaviors by leaders in corporate businesses, religion, and government include individuals such as Kenneth Lay, Jeffrey Skilling of Enron, and former The United States Senator John Edwards from North Carolina. As a result of each of these individuals actions were one of pure humiliation. American Society, Ethical or Unethical American society can become a society of ethical or unethical individuals. Individuals who display ethical or unethical behaviors become an adaption at an early age. These behaviors establish the learning skills, and influences by adult peers. With the choice of becoming an ethical or unethical individual is the choice of the individual him or herself will permit to make. Ethical Considerations An ethical consideration becomes the rules, and regulations within any organization as well as the criminal justice system. One ethical consideration is to control the use of force by law enforcement officials. This ethical consideration requires a more strict, and ethical code of conduct for law enforcement officials. To reduce unethical violations within the criminal justice field, one must upgrade the punishment levels for individuals who violate the law. One may also believe in the efforts of a better policing practice, one must go through a series of training on a regular basis, in regard to keeping his or her skills up-to-date throughout his or her career of law enforcement. Conclusion A person can take any 12 examples of different situations and circumstances and not everyone will agree and as a criminal justice major one will become willing to see things from another individual’s point of view. Not everyone will agree with everything throughout life and acquiring a difference of opinion gives person ideas, and by obtaining different ideas one may work together as a team. If a person does not agree with someone’s way of thinking he or she may assume a person’s ideas or thoughts are already correct. For most people he or she will become accustom to another individual’s point of view, or by determining one’s theory may become of the truth. Throughout this assignment there have been ideas agreed and disagreed about and by talking and listen an agreement was met. References Garcia, A. (2013, August 12). Vigilante detroit residents attack suspected rapist after police fail to act. Retrieved from http://www.rawstory.com/rs/2013/08/12/vigilante-detroit-residents-attack-suspected-rapist-after-police-fail-to-act/ Chandler, D.J. (2009). The Perfect Storm of Leaders’ Unethical Behavior: A Conceptual Framework. International Journal of Leadership Studies, Vol.51 Iss. 1, 2009. Retrieved from http://www.regent.edu.acad//ijls/IJLS/Vol51s1-chandler%2012.pdf.